Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit: सिद्धार्थ गौतम; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher who founded Buddhism.[1] In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha (P. sammāsambuddha, S. samyaksaṃbuddha) of our age, "Buddha" meaning "awakened one" or "the enlightened one." [note 1] The time of his birth and death are uncertain: most early 20th-century historians dated his lifetime as c. 563 BCE to 483 BCE,[2] but more recent opinion dates his death to between 486 and 483 BCE or, according to some, between 411 and 400 BCE.[3][4] Some of the inscriptions found from Orissa make historians believe that Buddha was born in a village Kapileswara near Bhubaneswar, Odisha based on many evidences including the Ashokan inscriptions.[5][6][7][8] Based on archeological evidences and inscriptions, Buddha was born in Lumbini, Nepal[9][10] which is a UNESCO world heritage site.[11] He later taught primarily throughout regions of eastern India such as Magadha and Kośala.[12][13]
Gautama, also known as Śākyamuni ("Sage of the Śākyas"), is the primary figure in Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses, and monastic rules are believed by Buddhists to have been summarized after his death and memorized by his followers. Various collections of teachings attributed to him were passed down by oral tradition, and first committed to writing about 400 years later.
He is also regarded as a god or prophet in other world religions or denominations, including Hinduism, Ahmadiyya Islam[14] and the Bahá'í faith.
| Born | c. 563 BCE or 623 BCE Lumbini, today in Nepal |
|---|---|
| Died | c. 483 BCE or 543 BCE (aged 80) Kushinagar, today in India |
| Ethnicity | Shakya |
| Known for | Founder of Buddhism |
| Predecessor | Kassapa Buddha |
| Successor | Maitreya Buddha |
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